解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract::On a shallow sand flat at Princess Royal Harbour near Albany, Western Australia, the brown macrophyte Hormosira banksii attaches to shells of infaunal bivalves. Hormosira occupies shells of Katelysia rhytiphora in preference to K. scalarina. We proposed and tested four hypotheses to explain this host occupation patter...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377510
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Amphicarpum purshii is an annual grass which mostly grows in disturbed areas of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, USA. It is amphicarpic, producing spikelets (and seeds) both above and below the soil surface. Previous research has shown that subterranean seed production ensures reproduction in the event of a major disturba...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385265
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of malarial parasitism on the ability of male western fence lizards, Sceloporus occidentalis, to compete for access to females was assessed experimentally. Pairs of male lizards, one infected with the malarial parasite, Plasmodium mexicanum, and the other not infected, were matched by size and color and pla...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385255
更新日期:1987-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis, was observed to feed sporadically but extensively on eucalypt sap. Gliders extracted sap by making incisions into the bark with their procumbent lower incisor teeth and licking the resulting exudate. Less than 1% of possible trees were incised for sap. Sap flow and sap-su...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376992
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The uptake of heavy metals via the alimentary tract can be an important factor for the metal budget of fish. 2. Concepts such as biomagnification, bioaccumulation, biotransference, or concentration factors, convey little information about the real threat originating from heavy metals in an aquatic food chain. 3. In...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376982
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The competitive interactions between roach (Rutilus rutilus) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) were investigated in two habitats, the open water and the waterlily zone. The growth rates of both species in enclosures were lower when confined together than when alone, demonstrating interspecific competition. Allopa...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00376972
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have investigated interspecific interactions between larvae of the 3 native British anurans, Rana temporaria, Bufo bufo and B. calamita in the field and in the laboratory. Over a 3 year period, predation of B. calamita spawn by the two competitively superior species accounted for only 0.3-3.0% of the total deposite...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378984
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The carabid beetle Nebria brevicollis (F.), despite being macropterous, has a very low flight potential. Only a few percent of the beetles has functional flight muscles, flight motivation is low, and the period favourable for flight is short. The inability to fly is caused mainly by arrested development of the flight ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378974
更新日期:1987-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A factorial design of clipping and compaction was used to study the responses of Schizachyrium scoparium and its mycorrhizal symbionts to these stresses. All treatment combinations significantly reduced the growth and biomass of plants relative to controls. Compaction significantly reduced tillering and crown expansio...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377574
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tenets of optimal foraging theory are used to contrast the behavior of the predatory snail Acantina spirata when feeding on the barnacles Balanus glandula and Chthamalus fissus under conditions of satiation and starvation. As predicted in optimal diet models, A. spirata is less selective (ratio of attack frequency...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377564
更新日期:1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The time at which plants emerge from the soil is shown to be correlated with both survival and growth in each of four years in a plant community emerging after yearly plowing. For all seven species investigated, earlier emerging individuals generally had both a higher biomass and probability of survival. There were di...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379278
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seasonal changes in the photosynthetic characteristics of intact involucral leaves of Anemone raddeana were investigated under laboratory conditions. Net photosynthesis and constant water vapor pressure deficit showed almost the same seasonal trend. They increased rapidly from mid-April immediately after unfolding of ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379268
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::A series of seventeen plant extracts rich in phenolic materials, including condensed and hydrolysable tannins, have been subjected to a series of chemical analyses in an attempt to gather ecologically significant information about their structure. Procedures investigated were (i) the Folin-Denis and Hagerman and Butle...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385058
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::From 1977 through 1983 we conducted experiments on a desert rodent community where supplemental seeds were added or certain rodent species and ants were removed from 0.25-ha fenced plots in a Chihuahuan Desert site in southeastern Arizona, USA. In this paper we examine the patterns of microhabitat use relative to vege...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385048
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We obtined data on body mass and growth rates for the immature members of two groups of wild baboons in Amboseli National Park, Kenya. Data were collected without feeding, trapping, or handling. The data were separated into cross-sectional and longitudinal components, allowing both the examination of body mass-age rel...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00385038
更新日期:1987-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Some individual plants of the mustard Brassica nigra in lowland California kill eggs of the Crucifer-specialist herbivores Pieris rapae and P. napi by producing a necrotic zone at the base of the egg, thereby apparently desicating it. This is a typical hypersensitivity reaction, but to an atypical stimulus. The eggs c...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379310
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natal philopatry and recruitment were measured in two populations of willow ptarmigan; one near Churchill, Manitoba and the other in northwestern British Columbia. We examined the return of tagged offspring in subsequent years with respect to geographical area, annual variation, their age when tagged, their sex, their...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379290
更新日期:1987-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tops of intertidal boulders on the east coast of Australia may carry a half-dozen algae, while the undersides may support a dozen or more species of sessile animals; mobile forms such as molluscs, crustaceans, and echinoderms are also common. These organisms are disturbed when boulders are moved by waves or buried...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378716
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Four shrub species of the Australian Proteaceae (Hakea sericea, H. gibbosa, H. suaveolens and H. salicifolia) were introduced to South African fynbos shrublands between 1840 and 1860. H. sericea is highly invasive, H. gibbosa and H. suaveolens are moderately invasive and H. salicifolia is not invasive. The allocation ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00378706
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of density on growth and development of Scaphiopus couchi tadpoles in desert ponds were investigated, and sources of mortality over a three-year period were documented. In 16 of the 82 ponds monitored, predation was the principal cause of death, demonstrating that tadpoles in desert ponds may be exposed to...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377299
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The operative temperature of the environment was estimated for starlings using hollow, unheated taxidermic mounts. On average, adults foraging in full sun were characterized by shorter foraging bouts than those adults foraging in full shade. Simultaneous observations of air temperature, operative temperature, and the ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377289
更新日期:1987-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A search for desiccation tolerant grasses in India revealed nine grass species (in the genera Eragrostiella, Oropetium and Tripogon) whose ability to recover from airdryness had not previously been reported. Dry leaves of these species recover uninjured within 24 h of plants receiving water. Desiccation tolerance limi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377337
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Dry lichen thalli were enclosed in gas exchange chambers and treated with an air stream of high relative humidity (96.5 to near 100%) until water potential equilibrium was reached with the surrounding air (i.e., no further increase of weight through water vapor uptake). They were then sprayed with liquid water. The tr...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377327
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The site of settlement of barnacles (Balanus improvisus) attached on shells of bluemussels (Mytilus edulis) was mapped from a sample of mussels collected in the Baltic Sea. Most barnacles had settled near the siphonal apertures of the mussel. An experiment was made to measure the disadvantages and advantages that livi...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377317
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of drought on embryonic development and on hatching was studied in 13 European Tettigoniidae species. Drought can affect development in three different ways: (1) Embryonic development proceeds slower than if the eggs are in contact with water; (2) it stops (for final diapause) in an earlier embryonic stage;...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379915
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seed number per pod is negatively skewed in Leucaena leucocephala. Post-fertilisation abortion of pods does not completely explain the skewed distribution. It is shown that a pre-fertilisation regulation effectively restricts the formation of pods with less than a certain number of seeds. The regulation is rendered th...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379905
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of time of the day and frequency of application and of purity of artificially deposited pollen loads on fruiting and seed set were studied in Rhinanthus angustifolius (diurnally visited by bumblebees) and Viscaria vulgaris (diurnally visited by bumblebees, nocturnally by sphingid moths).Time of the day did...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379895
更新日期:1986-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stemflow inputs of magnesium and potassium were measured from 57 canopy trees representing eight species under heavy rainfall conditions in two tropical forest sites in northeast Queensland, Australia. In the premontane tropical moist forest site on the Atherton Tableland, the stemflow input per unit trunk basal area ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379506
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Breeding ecology and mating patterns of the western toad, Bufo boreas, were examined in three large explosively breeding populations in the Oregon Cascade Mountains. Two mating patterns occurred variably within and among the three populations. First, a large male mating advantage was observed in two of the three popul...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379496
更新日期:1986-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Moths eclosed earlier from pupae of the bertha armyworm,Mamestra configurata, that were exposed briefly (1 to 5 days) to a warm temperature (15 or 20°C) at the beginning of postdiapause pupal-adult metamorphosis and then incubated at 10 or 12.5°C than from pupae incubated at 10 or 12.5°C throughout metamorphosis. The ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01036750
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gynoparae (autumn migrants) of the bird cherry-oat aphid,Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), were not found to land randomly on their primary host,Prunus padus L. Some trees, although within a few metres of heavily infested trees, were not colonized at all. This phenomenon occurs regularly from year to year.The reasons for this ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF01036740
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Factors affecting oophagy among siblings in the land snail Arianta arbustorum were studied in 3 populations from different altitudes in Switzerland. The degree of egg cannibalism in A. arbustorum is a function of hatching asynchrony since the earliest hatched snails will devour the unhatched eggs in the same clutch. C...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379252
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a Danish heathland invasion of oak shrub has taken place, the succession rate being approximately 300 m during the last 100 years. The colonisation has occurred in steps related to the delay time between seedling stage and fertility stage. Seedlings are often found in clusters originating from caches probably made ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00379242
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive harvesting of native eucalypt forests is carried out in the Eden area in the south east coastal region of New South Wales, Australia. Soil nutrient capital and nutrient removals in forest harvesting were estimated together with potential impacts of these removals on the nutrient capital balance. Soils were a...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377124
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gas exchange characteristics of droughted and rewatered Portulacaria afra were studied during the seasonal shift from CAM to C3 photosynthesis. 14CO2 uptake, stomatal conductance, and total titratable acidity were determined for both irrigated and 2, 4, and 7.5 month waterstressed plants from summer 1984 to summer 198...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377114
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::I examined the effects of pollen loads containing pollen from one, three and five donors on fruit production and fruit quality in Campsis radicans. Number of pollen donors had no significant effect on % fruit production, seed number, seed weight or seed germination. In singledonor pollinations the identity of the dono...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377104
更新日期:1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaves of birch (Betula pendula Roth) and sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L.) were initiated and grown either in a simulated shadelight (80 μmol m-2 s-1, R/FR ratio 0.28)/dark photoenvironment or a white light (250 μmol m-2 s-1, R/FR>1)/dark photoenvironment. Until the leaves were more than 50% expanded, growth rates (m...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00410367
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Photosynthetic induction under constant and fluctuating light conditions was investigated in intact leaves of Alocasia macrorrhiza and Toona australis, two species native to Australian rainforests. When leaves were exposed to saturating light following a long period at low light intensity, an induction period of 25-40...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00410357
更新日期:1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The leaves of Cymopterus longipes form prostrate rosettes early in the spring. As the weather warms, these leaves are elevated on a pseudoscape (false stem) which develops below the rosette through the elongation of the caudex (in the region between root and shoot). The effect of this growth form change on the water r...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377070
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The life history of Yucca glauca in the Great Plains was the subject of a four year field study. Data were incorporated in a stage transition model (based on rosette size) to explain how populations are maintained in spite of large regional and temporal variation in sexual reproductive success. Rosette size was found ...
journal_title:Oecologia
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF00377060
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00